Where the air was in the two weeks before causing the PNW heatwave, Near the end of June 2021 a high-pressure zone moved east along 49degN. Air was sinking from the upper troposphere to the surface, warming as it fell. Extremely low soil moisture also contributed to the heat wave, the Swiss authors say. Wet soils buffer extreme heat, and had the land conditions been moister, temperatures might have been 5°C cooler.